1. Retinal detachment & complex vitreoretinal surgeries
What it is:
Retinal detachment is a serious condition where the retina separates from its normal position. Complex vitrectomy procedures are used for repair.
Symptoms:
Flashes, floaters, shadow or “curtain” in vision, sudden vision loss.
Treatment:
Urgent surgery (vitrectomy, scleral buckle, gas or silicone oil).
2. Macular diseases
What it is:
Diseases affecting the macula, the central part of vision (e.g. macular degeneration).
Symptoms:
Distorted vision, blurred central vision, difficulty reading.
Treatment:
Intravitreal injections, monitoring, supplements or laser depending on condition.
3. Macular surgery
What it is:
Specialized surgery for macular conditions such as macular hole or epiretinal membrane.
Symptoms:
Distortion, reduced central vision, difficulty with fine details.
Treatment:
Vitrectomy with membrane peeling and gas tamponade.
4. Diabetic retinopathy
What it is:
A diabetes complication affecting retinal blood vessels.
Symptoms:
Initially none, later blurred vision, bleeding, vision loss.
Treatment:
Blood sugar control, injections, laser or surgery in advanced stages.
5. Retinal vascular diseases
What it is:
Conditions involving blockage or damage to retinal blood vessels.
Symptoms:
Sudden or gradual vision loss, blurred vision, dark spots.
Treatment:
Injections, laser and management of underlying conditions (e.g. hypertension).
6. Endophthalmitis / metastatic endophthalmitis
What it is:
A severe infection inside the eye. Endogenous (metastatic) endophthalmitis originates from infection elsewhere in the body.
Symptoms:
Pain, redness, severe vision loss, light sensitivity.
Treatment:
Emergency treatment with antibiotics (intravitreal/systemic) and possible surgery.